Barrier Contraceptives

What Are Barrier Contraceptives?

Barrier methods of contraception work by physically preventing sperm from reaching the egg, thus avoiding fertilization. They are non-hormonal, reversible, and often used on-demand.

Here's how barrier contraceptives work:

• Create a physical barrier to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.

• Some (e.g., spermicides) also chemically immobilize or kill sperms.

Types of Barrier Contraceptives and Their Efficacy

Type	Efficacy
Male condoms (Latex or polyurethane sheath worn on penis during intercourse)	85%
Female condoms (Polyurethane pouch inserted into the vagina before intercourse)	79%
Diaphragm (Dome shaped cup inserted over cervix with spermicide)	88%
Cervical cap (Cup shaped device inserted vaginally to cover the cervix, smaller than the diaphragm)	88%
Spermicide (Chemical agent that kill sperms, often used with diaphragm)	88%

Cost and Availability of Barrier Contraceptive

• Male condoms (nirodh (gov), Kamasutra, Durex, Moods): Free in govt set up, ₹2-10/unit, widely available over the counter

• Female condoms (Pee Safe Domina): ₹100-200, not widely available in India

• Diaphragm (Caya contoured diaphragm): ₹1500-5000, rare in India

• Cervical cap: Not available in India

• Spermicide (Contragel, VCF): ₹2000-8500, limited availability, most gels manufactured and imported from outside India

Advantages of Barrier Contraceptive

• Non-hormonal: Suitable for those who can't use hormonal methods.

• Protection against STIs (especially male and female condoms).

• Easily available, especially male condoms.

• No systemic side effects.

• Used only when needed.

Limitations of Barrier Contraceptive

• Lower effectiveness than long-acting methods.

• Must be used every time during intercourse.

• Potential for breakage/slippage (especially male condoms) and hence contraceptive failure.

• May reduce spontaneity.

• Is not suitable for persons with latex allergy.

Who Should Use Barrier Methods?

• Sexually active individuals seeking dual protection (pregnancy + STIs).

• Adolescents or those not ready for hormonal methods.

• Couples with infrequent sexual activity where regular or long term contraception is not a viable option.

• As a backup method (e.g., missed pills, EC support).

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Medically reviewed by

Dr Poonguzhali Liston

Researched by

Dr Poonguzhali Liston

Written by

Dr Poonguzhali Liston

References

1. Trussell J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception. 2004 Aug 1;70(2):89-96.

2. https://www.jogc.com/article/S1701-2163(16)39376-8/pdf