7. Do period cramp relief gels and roll-on oils really help?

TL;DR: Plant-based period cramp relief gels and roll-on oils may provide quick, short-term relief for mild to moderate cramps. Since research on these products is still limited, they’re best used as a supportive option alongside proven treatments like medications or heat therapy.

Research: At present, there are no published clinical trials testing plant-based topical-only gels or roll-on oils for period cramps. Some ingredients (like lavender oil, clove oil, and clary sage oil) have shown pain-relieving effects in clinical trials when used alone or in blends. However, these studies mostly involve inhalation, massage, or oral use of these essential oils.1 Overall, evidence for period cramp relief gels and roll-on oils in the market remains limited.

Doc’s opinion: Period cramp relief gels and roll-on oils may provide relief but are not substitutes for evidence-based treatments. You can use them with your usual period cramp management routine, like anti-inflammatory medications, supplements, heat therapy, and TENS.

If using these products for the first time, keep the following tips in mind:

  • Always do a skin patch test before using the product.

  • Keep realistic expectations with the product. It may help for about 1-3 hours.

  • If pain remains severe or interferes with daily life, consult a doctor.

What we know

Why do period cramps happen?

Period cramps are characterised by pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen just before and during menstruation. Why painful menstruation happens is a question researchers are still exploring. However, current evidence shows a strong link between elevated levels of a chemical called prostaglandins and period cramps.2

The uterine lining makes the chemical prostaglandins. During the first 1-3 days of menstruation, when the lining is still thick, prostaglandin levels are highest. Here’s what they do:

  • Trigger strong uterine muscle contractions.

  • Constrict the blood vessels, limiting proper blood flow and oxygen delivery to the uterus.

  • Increase nerve sensitivity, causing painful cramps.

  • Promote inflammatory reactions, increasing pain perception.

After the third day, the level of prostaglandins declines as most of the uterine lining that produces it sheds. Hence, menstrual pain also eases.

Note: The degree of pain and discomfort during periods varies from person to person. But if your cramps are severe, interfere with daily activities, and don't improve with different interventions, it may indicate a medical issue. Read our guide Period Cramps: Normal NOT Normal to learn more.

How do period cramp relief gels and roll-on oils work?

Period cramp relief gels and roll-on oils work the same way as popular pain-relief products like Moov and Iodex. Massaging the product on your lower abdomen may create certain sensations. It may also gets absorbed into your skin to reach the affected area and ease cramps.

These gels and roll-on oils often include five types of natural, plant-based ingredients that work in different ways to help reduce menstrual pain. Here’s a quick overview of these components and their likely effects on cramps.

Note: The ingredients listed below are not exhaustive. We have mentioned the ones with at least some supporting evidence. Also, some ingredients act through multiple mechanisms, so they may appear in more than one category.

Type
Likely effects on cramps
Typical ingredients

Cooling agents

  • Counter-irritant effect: Create a cooling sensation that temporarily distracts the brain from deeper pain.

  • Menthol/ Peppermint oil3

  • Eucalyptus oil4

  • Camphor5

Warming agents

  • Counter-irritant effect: Produce a warming sensation that reduces pain perception.

  • Improved circulation: Increases blood flow to the area, helping relax muscles.

  • Camphor

  • Clove oil6 7

Nerve pain modulators

  • Nerve-calming effect: Reduces the sensitivity of nerve endings, so fewer pain signals are sent to the brain.

  • Menthol/ Peppermint oil

  • Eucalyptus oil

  • Camphor

  • Clove oil

Anti-inflammatory agents

  • Reduced inflammation: Lower the level of prostaglandins, which trigger inflammation and intense contractions.

  • Eucalyptus oil

  • Cinnamon oil6 7

  • Chamomile oil8

Muscle relaxants

  • Antispasmodic effect: Relax uterine muscles, easing cramps and discomfort.

  • Chamomile oil

  • Carom seed oil13

A doc’s guide: The right way to use a period cramp relief gel or roll-on oil

Period cramp relief gel or roll-on oils are supplementary methods. They can be used alongside evidence-backed treatments like anti-inflammatory tablets, supplements, heat therapy, and TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation).

Here’s a quick guide on the right way of using these topical applications for the first time:

  • Patch test: Apply a pea-sized amount to the inner forearm and observe for redness or itching for around 12 hours.

  • Where to apply: Use it in affected areas like the lower abdomen and lower back. Do not put it in the vagina or ingest it.

  • How to use: If using gel, take a tiny amount and massage it evenly on the affected area in circular motion until it gets absorbed. If using roll-on oil, pass it 2-3 times in the affected area.

  • When to use: Start using it from the first day of the period and continue until pain subsides. Apply every 4-6 hours and ensure not to exceed use more than 3-4 times within 24 hours. Remember that if the menthol/camphor content is higher, the gap between the uses should be longer.

  • Post-application: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water. Avoid touching your eyes.

Note: If period cramp relief gels or roll-on oils don’t help despite correct usage, or if pain worsens (especially with heavy bleeding or pain during other days of the cycle), consult your doctor.

Avoid using period cramp relief gels or roll-on oils if:

  • You have open wounds, broken skin, or eczema/ psoriasis flares.

  • You have salicylate hypersensitivity.

  • You are pregnant. (ingredients like clary sage and rosemary can increase uterine contractions)

  • You are already using a heat patch with a temperature of more than 45 °C.

References
  1. Itani R, Soubra L, Karout S, Rahme D, Karout L, Khojah HM. Primary dysmenorrhea: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment updates. Korean journal of family medicine. 2022 Mar 17;43(2):101.

  2. Pergolizzi Jr JV, Taylor Jr R, LeQuang JA, Raffa RB, NEMA Research Group. The role and mechanism of action of menthol in topical analgesic products. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 2018 Jun;43(3):313-9.

  3. Mahboubi M, Mokari Z. The Efficacy of Eucalyptus globulus Essential Oil in the Management of Pain. International Journal of Pain. 2024 Dec 31;15(2):70-9.

  4. Kotaka T, Kimura S, Kashiwayanagi M, Iwamoto J. Camphor induces cold and warm sensations with increases in skin and muscle blood flow in human. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2014 Dec 1;37(12):1913-8.

  5. Marzouk TM, El-Nemer AM, Baraka HN. The Effect of Aromatherapy Abdominal Massage on Alleviating Menstrual Pain in Nursing Students: A Prospective Randomized Cross‐Over Study. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;2013(1):742421.

  6. Khalesi ZB, Beiranvand SP, Bokaie M. Efficacy of chamomile in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review. Journal of pharmacopuncture. 2019 Dec 31;22(4):204.

  7. Abo Bakr Ibraheem Abo Eleneen A, Mohamed Abd-Allah I, Kamal Ibrahim A. Aromatic Abdominal Massage for Alleviating Menstrual Pain in Nursing Students at Suez Canal University. Egyptian Journal of Health Care. 2018 Sep 1;9(3):429-39.

  8. Bakhtshirin F, Abedi S, YusefiZoj P, Razmjooee D. The effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender oil on severity of primary dysmenorrhea in Arsanjan students. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research. 2015 Jan 1;20(1):156-60.

  9. Ou MC, Hsu TF, Lai AC, Lin YT, Lin CC. Pain relief assessment by aromatic essential oil massage on outpatients with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized, double‐blind clinical trial. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2012 May;38(5):817-22.

Vaibhavi Kodnani

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