Barrier Contraceptive

Barrier Contraceptive

Barrier methods of contraception work by physically preventing sperm from reaching the egg, thus avoiding fertilization. They are non-hormonal, reversible, and often used on-demand.

How do they Work?

1. Create a physical barrier to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.

2. Some (e.g., spermicides) also chemically immobilize or kill sperms.

Summary of the types of barrier contraceptive

Type	Description	Efficacy(typical use )efficacy depends on consistent use	Cost	Availablity	Example
Male condoms	Latex or polyurethane sheath worn on penis during intercourse	85%	Free in govt set up, 2-10 rupees/unit	Widely available over the counter	nirodh (gov) Kamasutra, durex, moods
Female condom	Polyurethane pouch inserted into the vagina before intercourse	79%	100-200	Not widely available in India	pee -safe domina
Diaphragm	Dome shaped cup inserted over cervix with spermicide	88%	1500-5000	Rare in India	Caya - contoured diaphragm
Cervical cap	Cup shaped device inserted vaginally to cover the cervix , smaller than the diaphragm	88%		Not available in India
Spermicide	Chemical agent that kill sperms , often used with diaphragm	88%	2000-8500	Limited availability Most gels manufactured and imported from outside India	Contragel, VCF (not available in India)

Advantages

1. Non-hormonal: Suitable for those who can't use hormonal methods.

2. Protection against STIs (especially male and female condoms).

3. Easily available, especially male condoms.

4. No systemic side effects.

5. Used only when needed.

Limitations

1. Lower effectiveness than long-acting methods.

2. Must be used every time during intercourse.

3. Potential for breakage/slippage (especially male condoms) and hence contraceptive failure.

4. May reduce spontaneity.

5. Is not suitable for persons with latex allergy.

WHO SHOULD USE BARRIER METHODS?

1. Sexually active individuals seeking dual protection (pregnancy + STIs).

2. Adolescents or those not ready for hormonal methods.

3. Couples with infrequent sexual activity where regular or long term contraception is not a viable option.

4. As a backup method (e.g., missed pills, EC support).

---

References

1. Trussell J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception. 2004 Aug 1;70(2):89-96.

2. https://www.jogc.com/article/S1701-2163(16)39376-8/pdf